The doctoral dissertations of the former Helsinki University of Technology (TKK) and Aalto University Schools of Technology (CHEM, ELEC, ENG, SCI) published in electronic format are available in the electronic publications archive of Aalto University - Aaltodoc.
Aalto

Airborne Sound Insulation of Wall Structures - Measurement and Prediction Methods

Valtteri Hongisto

Dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Science in Technology to be presented with due permission for public examination and debate in Auditorium S4, Department of Electrical and Communications Engineering, Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland, on the 1st December, 2000, at 12 o'clock noon.

Overview in PDF format (ISBN 951-22-5216-3)   [1713 KB]
Dissertation is also available in print (ISBN 951-22-5215-5)

Abstract

Protection against noise is one of the six essential requirements of the European Construction Product directive. In buildings, airborne sound insulation is used to define the acoustical quality between rooms. In order to develop wall structures with optimal sound insulation, an understanding of the physical origins of sound transmission is necessary. The purpose of this thesis was, firstly, to study and compare the validity of existing physical models to predict the sound insulation of wall structures, and, secondly, to study the benefits of the sound intensity measurement method for determining the sound insulation. To develop the kind of knowledge that is applicable to the improvement of real wall and door structures was the motive behind this study.

Five main results are summarized in the following. 1. It was possible to measure wall structures with a considerably, up to 22 dB, higher sound reduction index with the intensity method than with the pressure method. Thus, the intensity method enables the determination of sound insulation in the presence of strong flanking where the pressure method gives only an underestimate. 2. The sound transmission through doors was modelled by two separate paths: a structural path through the door leaf and a leaking path through the door slits. The structural path was predicted using Sharp's model. The agreement with measurements was reasonably good except at high frequencies where overestimations were obtained. The leaking path was predicted using the model of Gomperts and Kihlman. The agreement with measurements was good for free apertures. 3. Thirteen existing prediction models of double panels were compared. The variations in predicted sound reduction indices were high, 20 ... 40 dB. Further work is needed to rank different models according to their reliability for practical structures. In addition, there is an obvious need to develop a hybrid model where all the important parameters are considered. 4. A new flanking mechanism could be observed in situ for a floating floor covering over a concrete slab. Identical floor structures in adjacent dwellings led to strong flanking transmission at the double panel resonance frequency of the floors. Strong flanking could be avoided by modifying the double structure in one dwelling. 5. In general, the most typical design fault of sound insulating double structures was strong mechanical connections, either in the form of rigid interpanel connections (studs) or in the form of bonded cavity absorbent (sandwich structures). In the case of door structures, efforts are usually wasted on the development of the structure, while the leak transmission may be the main transmission path.

The results of this study are useful when the intensity method is used in the presence of strong flanking sound, the sound insulation of wall and door structures are predicted or improved and when prediction models are developed.

This thesis consists of an overview and of the following 6 publications:

  1. V. Hongisto, K. Nieminen, H. Koskela, V. Viljanen and M. Lindgren, Test procedure and automatic system for sound insulation measurement using the sound intensity method, Noise Control Engineering Journal 45(2) 1997, 85-94.
  2. V. Hongisto, Sound insulation of doors - Part 1: Prediction models for structural and leak transmission, Journal of Sound Vibration 230(1) 2000, 133-148.
  3. V. Hongisto, J. Keränen and M. Lindgren, Sound insulation of doors - Part 2: Comparison between measurement results and predictions, Journal of Sound and Vibration 230(1) 2000, 149-170.
  4. V. Hongisto, M. Lindgren and J. Keränen, Enhancing maximum measurable sound reduction index using sound intensity method and strong receiving room absorption, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Accepted for publication (in October 2000).
  5. V. Hongisto, A case study of flanking transmission through double structures, Applied Acoustics, Accepted for publication (in July 2000).
  6. V. Hongisto, Calculation of the sound insulation of double panels - Comparison of the existing models, Proceedings of Internoise 2000, August 27-30, Nice, France, Vol 2, 1243-1246.

Keywords: building acoustics, sound intensity method, double structures, doors, flanking sound transmission

This publication is copyrighted. You may download, display and print it for Your own personal use. Commercial use is prohibited.

© 2000 Helsinki University of Technology

Last update 2011-05-26