Aalto University Schools of Technology - electronic academic dissertations - http://otalib.aalto.fi/fi/kokoelmat_tiedonhaku/e-julkaisut/vaitoskirjat/

Radio Network Planning and Optimisation for WCDMA

Jaana Laiho

Dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Science in Technology to be presented with due permission for public examination and debate in Auditorium S4 at Helsinki University of Technology (Espoo, Finland) on the 1^st of July 2002 at 12 o'clock noon.

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Abstract

The present thesis introduces the radio network planning process and optimisation for WCDMA (FDD mode), as defined by 3GPP. This thesis consists of three parts: modelling and tools for radio network planning, process for pre-operational network control and optimisation for the operational network. General challenges to face in 3G network control are based on the fact that many issues are interconnected and should be simultaneously considered, such as

• Planning means not only to meet current status and demands, but the solution should also comply with the future requirements by providing an acceptable development path.
• Traffic modelling is not only the question about the total amount of traffic growth, but also the question about the future service distribution and performance demands.
• All CDMA systems have a relation between capacity and coverage. Consequently, the network planning itself is not only based on propagation estimation but also on the interference situation in the network. Ideally, site selection consideration will be done based on the network analysis with planned load and traffic/service portfolio, taking possible co-siting constraints into account.
• Provision of multiple services and seamless management of at least two multiple access systems require rapid evolution of the management tools and processes. The network performance in terms of capacity, quality, and implementation and operational costs forms a multidimensional space. Operators' task will be to convert the business strategy to an operating point in the performance space in a cost efficient manner.

The contribution of this thesis in terms of modelling and tools is as follows:

• Improvement of the accuracy of radio link budget by introducing power control headroom (also called fast fading margin).
• Improvement of loading equation by introducing a transmit power increase term.
• Development of theory and modelling for a planning tool capable of multi-service and multi-carrier interference, capacity and coverage analysis.
• Development and implementation an interface taking into account the true traffic distribution (not uniform) and terminal speed.

In the area of pre-operational planning process the contribution of this thesis is as follows:

• Development of dimensioning methodology for multi-service network site density estimation, utilising the modelling of power control headroom, transmit power increase, soft handover and E_b/N₀.
• Development of radio network planning process for multi-service environment including capacity and coverage evaluation for a given traffic mixture, quality and area requirements.
• Analysis of means to improve radio network performance with Mast Head Amplifier (MHA), diversity reception, sectorisation and proper antenna selection.

In the area of optimisation of the operational network the contribution of this thesis is as follows:

• Definition for optimisation target in the case of 3G. The optimisation will be capacity-quality trade-off management instead of plain quality improvement process.
• Introduction of Self Organizing Map (SOM) in the analysis of cellular networks.
• Analysis of the applicability of SOM in WCDMA cellular network optimisation.
• Introduction of SOM based applications to support network capacity-quality trade-off management.

It is worth noting that process and methods described in this work are not limited to 3G systems with WCDMA radio access technology, but they are applicable to other CDMA standards as well.

This thesis consists of an overview and of the following 9 publications:

1. K. Sipilä, J. Laiho-Steffens, M. Jäsberg, A. Wacker, Modelling the impact of the fast power control on the WCDMA uplink, IEEE VTS Proceedings of Vehicular Technology Conference 1999 spring, Houston, Texas, May 1999, pp. 1266-1270. © 1999 IEEE. By permission.
2. A. Wacker, J. Laiho-Steffens, K. Sipilä, M. Jäsberg, Static simulator for studying WCDMA radio network planning issues, IEEE VTS Proceedings of Vehicular Technology Conference 1999 spring, Houston, Texas, May 1999, pp. 2436-2440. © 1999 IEEE. By permission.
3. J. Laiho, A. Wacker, Radio network planning process and methods for WCDMA, Annals of Telecommunications, Vol. 56, No. 5-6, Mai/Juin 2001, pp. 317-331. © 2001/2002 Hermes Penton Science. By permission.
4. H. Holma, Z. Honkasalo, S. Hämäläinen, J. Laiho, K. Sipilä, A. Wacker, Radio network planning, Chapter 8 in H. Holma and A. Toskala (ed.), WCDMA for UMTS, John Wiley & Sons, 2001, Revised Edition. © 2001 Wiley. By permission.
5. J. Laiho-Steffens, A. Wacker, P. Aikio, The impact of the radio network planning and site configuration on the WCDMA network capacity and Quality of Service, IEEE VTS Proceedings of Vehicular Technology Conference 2000 spring, Tokyo, Japan, May 2000, pp. 1006-1010. © 2000 IEEE. By permission.
6. J. Lempiäinen, J. Laiho-Steffens, The performance of polarisation diversity schemes at a base station in small/microcells at 1800 MHz, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 47, No. 3, August 1998, pp. 1087-1092. © 1998 IEEE. By permission.
7. K. Raivio, O. Simula, J. Laiho, Analysis of mobile radio access network using the self-organizing map, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Data Mining, San Jose, California, November-December 2001, pp. 457-464. © 2001 IEEE. By permission.
8. J. Laiho, K. Raivio, P. Lehtimäki, K. Hätönen, O. Simula, Advanced Analysis Methods for 3G Cellular Networks, Report A65, Publications in Computer and Information Science, Helsinki University of Technology, 2002. Slightly modified version (split to Part I Methods and Part II Applicability of Methods) resubmitted to IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications end 4/2002. © 2002 authors and IEEE. By permission.
9. J. Laiho, M. Kylväjä, A. Höglund, Utilization of Advanced Analysis Methods in 3G Networks, IEEE VTS Proceedings of Vehicular Technology Conference 2002 spring, Birmingham, Alabama, pp. 726-730. © 2002 IEEE. By permission.

Errata of publications 3 and 4

Keywords: WCDMA, CDMA, radio network planning, optimisation, neural networks, radio link budget

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© 2002 Helsinki University of Technology

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Last update 2011-05-26